Predictors of traumatic stress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objectives. The global pandemic of COVID-19 represents a major stressor in the lives of healthcare professionals. The present study investigated experienced stress and self-reported trauma symptoms among Slovak nurses during the fall of 2020, aiming to describe the extent of experienced stress and trauma, and explain the variation in trauma symptoms using psychosocial predictors.
Sample and settings. An online form measuring traumatic stress symptoms, social support, coping strategies, sleep quality and overall experienced stress was distributed among nurses and other healthcare professionals. 565 participants responded between November 12th and December 20th, 2020.
Statistical analyses. Several multiple linear regressions with demographic and psychosocial predictors were performed to explain variation in traumatic symptoms.
Results. The present data shows that 83% of medical nurses perceived increased stress and more than 62% experienced trauma symptoms. Traumatic symptoms could be partly explained based on the participants’ age, perceived social support, and used coping strategies. Higher social support and strategies of acceptance and positive reframing were related to fewer trauma symptoms, while avoidance strategies, such as self-distraction, self-blame, venting, and behavioral disengagement to more trauma symptoms. In line with the present findings, professional psychosocial support is important to alleviate stress and prevent traumatization in healthcare workers after the COVID-19 crisis.
Limitations. Data were collected via an online form, with a sample consisting of mostly nurses and women lacking data on other medical professions and men. Finally, traumatic symptoms develop slowly, therefore it is not possible to measure their recovery at this point.